Divorce affects children in various ways, depending on their age, personality, family reactions and support, responses from their peers and so on. The mother of John, who is 7½ years old, wanted to check her son's emotional status following her divorce. She sent us his drawings from the last year, asking for guidance based on his specific personality.
His drawings showed a reality of running away, which is not progressive or positive, but keeps the child from coping with his difficulties and receiving support from his close surroundings.
In one of his recent drawings, the flowers are not a bloom, the sun is distant and seems not to provide any heat and there is no interaction among the various elements on the page, as typical of his age. Consequently, we assumed that John perceives his world as cold and remote, lacking happiness and social life.
Social rejection, as in this case, is one of the effects divorce can have. Studies show that children of divorced parents tend to be socially rejected more than their peers. Therefore, they require close attention and support in order to build healthy relationships that will improve their mood and general functioning following their parents' divorce.
Children's reactions to divorce
About a year after the divorce, studies identified successful emotional working through of the divorce among most children: the pain and the suffering weakened, and were replaced by acceptance of the new reality. However, while most children accepted the divorce as final, younger children in particular tended to continue clinging to their fantasies of family reunion.
During the first year after the divorce most families are in the first stages of dealing with the change.
Studies have specified several key negative reaction patterns which characterize this period:
Aggressive reactions enable the child to vent feelings of anger and helplessness, and in many cases take physiological form as in vomiting, facial spasms, weight fluctuations, sleeping disorders, and depression. These actually represent emotional adjustment difficulties. They are designed, in most cases, to signal overwhelming stress and distress he is experiencing in the aftermath of divorce. In some cases they are also unconsciously designed to force the parents to cope with the child's health problems rather than focus on their own emotional conflicts.
Attempts to mediate between the parents. This reaction is combined with the intention of returning the family to its previous state, and development of age-inappropriate dependence on one of them.
The development of such dependence is contingent on the child's age and personality, but it finds its expression in emotional patterns (emotional regression and need for intimacy that is not age appropriate), negative social reactions such as withdrawal or materialistic compensation mechanisms (like excessive demand to buy toys and the like).
Identification with one of the parents. Children who identify with one of the parents do so to gain power and meaningfulness. In general, absolute identification with one of the parents requires the child to detach himself from the other parent or to reduce the frequency and quality of contacts with him.
Escapism. Physically running away from home is characteristic of adolescents. It enables some children to avoid direct coping with the implications of divorce and consequently to evaluate the events around him from a more distant and objective perspective. There are children whose temporary escape from home enables them to find a supportive environment where they can cope emotionally with the divorce.
Another, more subtle form of escape is cramming the day with a great variety of activities, to reduce the time spent at home to a minimum.
Preoccupation with an imaginary world is another, more cognitive form of escape. This form of escape enables the child to avoid the painful facts of the child's daily life. The imaginary world serves as a haven in times of distress.
It is important to remember that for children of separated parents, entering the imaginary world is therapeutic and therefore must not be prevented. Therefore, we must carefully assess the proportion of imaginary elements in the drawing, and remember that they comfort the child by providing protection and a safe haven.
Michal Wimmer invites you to learn more about children's drawings analysis.
Get our FREE guide to interpreting children's drawing at: http://www.roshida.com/Drawing_analysis/newsletter.html
Roshida specializes in training and providing individual analysis based on children's drawings. http://www.roshida.com/
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